中草药复配液在脐橙保鲜中的应用研究

以赣南脐橙为试材,研究了肉桂、丁香、丹皮、细辛、五倍子五种中草药提取液(浓度为1 g/mL)中的任意三种以1∶1∶1比例形成的10种复配液对意大利青霉和指状青霉的抑制效果以及效果最佳的复配液对脐橙的保鲜效果。结果表明,复配液CM-7(丁香、细辛、丹皮)对指状青霉和意大利青霉的抑菌圈直径分别为40.97 mm和39.03 mm,抑菌效果最好。对脐橙保鲜效果表明,与对照组相比,在贮藏中后期(40～90 d),CM-7处理降低了果实的腐烂率和失重率,延缓了VC和总糖含量的降解,保持了果实良好的营养品质。     

抗旱性复混肥对土壤物理性状、持水量和马铃薯经济效益的影响

采用田间试验方法,研究抗旱性复混肥配方及其对土壤物理性质、持水量和马铃薯经济效益的影响,以期筛选出抗旱性复合肥最佳配方和施用量。结果表明:影响马铃薯产量的因素由大到小依次为:马铃薯专用肥废弃物组合肥保水剂,抗旱性复合肥最佳配方组合为废弃物组合肥3 000 kg/hm~2、保水剂37.50kg/hm~2、马铃薯专用肥2 230 kg/hm~2。随着抗旱性复混肥施用量的增加,土壤总孔隙度、持水量、马铃薯块茎质量和产量在增加,土壤容重在降低。经回归统计分析,抗旱性复混肥与马铃薯产量间的回归方程为:y=28.87+1.771 3x-0.035 4x2,最佳施肥量为5.28 t/hm~2,计算结果与田间施用抗旱性复混肥5.28 t/hm~2相吻合。     

复合菌剂及酸化剂对玉米秸秆青贮有氧暴露后的影响

为探讨复合菌剂和酸化剂对玉米秸秆青贮有氧稳定性及有氧暴露期间微生物数量、pH值、粗蛋白、干物质量的影响,以玉米秸秆为青贮原料,设置3个处理:对照组、复合菌剂组、复合菌剂+酸化剂组。青贮90 d。有氧暴露1、3、7、11 d分别取样测定微生物数量、pH值、粗蛋白、干物质量。结果显示,与对照组相比,复合菌剂组、复合菌剂+酸化剂组均能提高青贮品质,显著减少有氧暴露期间粗蛋白、干物质损失(P<0.05)。与复合菌剂组相比,复合菌剂+酸化剂组有效抑制酵母菌繁殖,显著提升青贮有氧稳定性(P<0.05)。     

气调包装复合保鲜技术在水产品保鲜中的应用现状

水产品营养价值高,含有多种氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质等营养素而脂肪含量相对较低,深受人们喜爱,也是中国居民膳食指南中的重要组成部分。水产品中由于水分、蛋白质等成分含量丰富,极易在微生物和内源酶的作用下发生蛋白质、脂肪等的降解或氧化而腐败变质,从而缩短了货架期,降低了商业价值。气调包装保鲜技术是指通过使用高阻隔性能的复合包装材料,并调整食品贮藏环境中的气体组成来改善食品贮藏品质并延长货架期的技术,因其安全性高、保鲜效果好而被广泛应用于水产品保鲜领域中,本文总结了近几年气调包装复合其他保鲜技术(低温、紫外杀菌、臭氧处理、超高压处理、化学保鲜剂、生物保鲜剂)在水产品保鲜领域中的应用,旨在为气调包装在水产品保鲜中的进一步应用提供理论依据。已有的研究表明该复合技术能有效地降低水产品贮藏末期微生物总数、挥发性盐基氮、三甲胺、生物胺等指标,并维持较高的感官评分、水分含量、鲜度值,可有效延长水产品的货架期,未来可以从气调包装复合保鲜技术的抑菌机理、理化指标变化机理、包装材料及模式等方面展开深入研究。     

Phenolic extract of Morchella angusticeps peck inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro by inducing the signal transduction pathway of p38/MAPK

Morchella angusticeps Peck, one of the most popular edible mushrooms, has attracted great attention due to its delicious taste and healthy properties. However, both its biological effects and the possible mechanism of action have not yet been known. We investigated the anti-proliferative activity of the phenolic extract derived from Morchella angusticeps Peck (MPE) against HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results showed that MPE at non-cytotoxicity doses significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner with inhibitory rates ranging from 18 to 90% (P<0.01). The possible mechanism might be that MPE induced apoptosis through initiating the mitochondrial death pathway by regulating Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. On the other hand, MPE might trigger cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁/S phases by managing p21, Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases-4 (CDK4) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Additionally, MPE downregulated TRAF-2 and p-p53, while upregulated p-ASK1 and p-p38. Therefore, it could be inferred that MPE might induce the anti-proliferative function to HepG2 cells through the p38/MAPK signal transduction pathway.     

高校培养现代化牧场所需复合创新人才的探讨——以畜牧类专业为例

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,畜牧业在国民经济中的地位越来越重要,各类大型牧场为满足社会的需求和自身的发展,不断更新生产模式和管理方式,已逐步实现与国际技术的接轨,达到现代化水平。然而,很多牧场却因缺乏复合型创新人才而犯愁。论文从现代化大型牧场的特点及人才需求出发,结合教学改革中的成功经验,提出了高校培养现代化大型牧场所需复合型创新人才的具体措施和方法,为畜牧高校人才培养提供借鉴。     

Study on Liver-protective Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury Layers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the liver-protective effect of Chinese herbal compound probiotics (CHCP) on acute liver injury layers.One hundred and eight 1 day old hens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 9 layers per replicate in trial 1.The layers in model groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ were gavaged with 10% (V/V) soybean oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (SCCl₄) according to 1,2 and 4 mL/(kg·BW) at 14,28 and 35 d,respectively.The layers in control group were gavaged with 2 mL/(kg·BW) soybean oil.In trial 2,sixty 1 d layers were divided into 5 groups:Control group (soybean oil),model control group(SCCl₄)and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose CHCP group (SCCl₄+1‰ CHCP,SCCl₄+2‰ CHCP and SCCl₄+4‰ CHCP respectively).CHCP were used by drinking water since 7 days.SCCl₄ were gavaged according to 2 mL/(kg·BW) at 14 and 28 d.The results showed as follows:The model of layers liver damage could be built by intragastric administration of 2 mL/(kg·BW) 10%(V/V) SCCl₄ at 14,28 d respectively,with the signs of hepatic steatosis,severe vacuolar degeneration,nuclear condensation and necrosis.Compared to the model control group,the serum AST levels in low,medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 4.35% (P > 0.05),7.57% (P > 0.05) and 9.79% (P < 0.05),the serum ALT levels in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 34.92% (P < 0.01),36.51% (P < 0.01),the serum total bilirubin content in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 25.49% (P < 0.01),27.45% (P < 0.01).The liver cell congestion was reduced to varying degrees in different dose CHCP groups,and the liver cell had no vacuoles,arranged in neat rows,abundant cytoplasm and uniform in different dose CHCP groups.In conclusion,2‰,4‰ CHCP could reduce hepatocyte necrosis,decrease the serum activities of ALT,AST and total bilirubin levels,and had protective effect on hepatic injury induced by SCCl₄.     

常利率通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型

考虑常利率及通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型,运用鞅方法得到破产概率满足的Lundberg不等式和一般公式,当保费和索赔服从指数分布和混合指数分布时,得到破产概率的精确表达式。     

樟子松梢小卷蛾产卵器、复眼和口器感受器的扫描电镜观察

为了研究樟子松梢小卷蛾Rhyacionia pinicolana (Doubleday)（鳞翅目:卷蛾科）的产卵器、复眼和口器上感受器的外部形态、类型和分布特点,从野外采集被害的樟子松侧枝,在室内培养出樟子松梢小卷蛾成虫,通过QUANTA-200型扫描电镜对其进行了观察。观察表明,在樟子松梢小卷蛾产卵器、复眼和口器上共有4种类型感受器,分别是着生于产卵器上的毛形感受器(STⅠ,STⅡ,STⅣ),着生于口器上的毛形感受器Ⅲ型(STⅢ)、栓锥形感受器(SS)和腔锥感受器(coe),着生于复眼上的锥形感受器(SBa)。樟子松梢小卷蛾上观察到的这4种类型的感受器,在形态、类型和分布上,与其他鳞翅目昆虫相同部位观察到的不尽相同。     

Screening of Human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors from Seaweed In Silico and In Vitro

Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are potential inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Sixteen known compounds, phenolic compounds and carotenoids from seaweed were examined for potential inhibitory capacity against CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in silico and in vitro. Morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin were 41.8, 22.5, and 30.3 μM for CYP1A2 and 86.6, 16.1, and 24.4 μM for CYP3A4, respectively. Siphonaxanthin and hesperidin did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2, but they slightly inhibited CYP3A4 activity at high concentrations. In silico modeling of CYP’s binding site revealed that the potential inhibitors bound in the cavity located above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group through the 2a or 2f channel of CYPs. This study presents an approach for quickly predicting CYP inhibitory activity and shows the potential interactions of compounds and CYPs through in silico modeling.